Introduction

World Athletics has announced a groundbreaking new regulation requiring all athletes competing in the female category for world ranking competitions to undergo a one-time SRY gene test. This test, which checks for the presence of the Y chromosome, will be mandatory starting September 1, 2025, and will be implemented at the World Athletics Championships in Tokyo from September 13-21.

The SRY Gene Test

The SRY gene, part of the Y chromosome, is responsible for the development of male characteristics. The test can be conducted via a simple cheek swab or blood test. Athletes who test negative for the Y chromosome will be eligible to compete in the female category. Those who test positive will have the option to compete in non-world ranking competitions or in categories other than the female one.

Ensuring Fair Competition

World Athletics President Lord Coe emphasized the importance of this regulation in maintaining fairness in the sport. "It is crucial for women to enter a sport believing there is no biological glass ceiling," Coe stated. The test is described as "extremely accurate" with a minimal risk of false results.

Global Impact

This move follows a similar decision by World Boxing in May 2025, which also mandated sex testing for all athletes. The introduction of the SRY test is part of a broader effort to tighten regulations around the eligibility of transgender and DSD (Difference of Sex Development) athletes.

Historical Context

World Athletics has been at the forefront of addressing issues related to transgender and DSD athletes. In March 2023, the organization banned transgender athletes who had undergone male puberty from competing in the female category in international competitions. A working group recommended merging regulations for DSD and transgender athletes, citing new evidence that testosterone suppression only partially mitigates the male advantage in athletics.

Legal Challenges

The new regulations have not been without controversy. In July 2025, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that two-time Olympic gold medalist Caster Semenya's right to a fair hearing was violated by the Swiss Federal Supreme Court. Semenya, who has DSD, has been unable to compete in the 800m since 2019 due to World Athletics' testosterone level restrictions.

Conclusion

The introduction of the SRY gene test marks a significant step in ensuring fair competition in athletics. While it has sparked debate, the move is seen as essential for maintaining the integrity of the sport and providing a level playing field for all athletes.